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Norms and International Relations: The anachronistic nature of neo-realist approaches Christoph Bluth School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds Realism, in its various forms, has been the dominant theoretical approach to International Relations for most of the Cold War period, but in recent years other approaches that. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, PRINCIPAL THEORIES are decisive. In this view international relations is essentially a story of Great Power politics. 5 Realists also diverge on some issues. So-called offensive Realists maintain t.
Handbook Of International Relations Pdf
Govern the international relations between sovereign states and other institutional subjects of international law such as the United Nations, the Arab League and the African Union (formerly the Organisation of African Unity).
Understanding International Relations Pdf
Nature And Scope Of International Relations Pdf
Geopolitics emphasised nature as a factor in world politics, but not as part of a vulnerable web of life. Rather, nature provided resources and a physical backdrop or stage upon which vigorous racial groups and nations engaged in struggles for power and resources.
Thus nature, in pre-war geopolitics, is conceived of in firmly anthropocentric as well as state-centric terms as either a facilitator or hindrance to geopolitical expansion or defence of human groups. Human Nature This changed with the advent of the modern post-WWII disciplinary IR. Geography as a determinant of politics fell into serious intellectual disrepute. Often labelled a ‘classical realist’, Hans Morgenthau in Politics Among Nations, declared geopolitics to be ‘a pseudoscience erecting the factor of geography into an absolute that is supposed to determine the power, and hence the fate, of nations’ (Morgenthau 1985, [1948], 174). Geography, Morgenthau admitted, could give ‘one aspect of the reality of national power’ but amounted to a ‘distortion’ (ibid.) on its own, especially when fused with virulent nationalism. Even today, geopolitics has to deflect suspicions and claim ‘misappropriation’ during the interwar years (Kaplan 2009, 61), some suggesting that the term geopolitik be used for the German interwar variant (Sicker 2010, 5).